Baroque Music - Download as PDF File (.pdf). The style of palace. In the writings of Bukofzer and Paul. Reprinted in Muse Baroque: La magazine de la musique.

1. John Wag
2. Notes

. Baroque music (: or: ) is a style of Western composed from approximately 1600 to 1750. This era followed the, and was followed in turn by the. Baroque music forms a major portion of the ', being nowadays widely studied, performed, and listened to.

Key composers of the Baroque era include, and. The Baroque period saw the creation of, an approach to writing music in which a song or piece is written in a particular (tonality continues to be used in almost all Western ). During the Baroque era, professional musicians were expected to be accomplished of both solo melodic lines and parts. Baroque concerts were typically accompanied by a group which consisted of chord-playing instrumentalists such as and players improvising chords from a part while a group of bass instruments (, ) played the. A characteristic Baroque form was the. While the pieces in a dance suite were inspired by actual dance music, dance suites were designed for listening, not for accompanying dancers.

During the period, composers and performers used more elaborate (typically improvised by performers), made changes in musical notation (the development of figured bass as a quick way to notate the of a song or piece), and developed new instrumental playing techniques. Baroque music expanded the size, range, and complexity of instrumental performance, and also established the mixed vocal/instrumental forms of, and and the instrumental forms of the solo and as musical genres. Many musical terms and concepts from this era, such as, and are still in use in the 2010s. Dense, complex music, in which multiple independent melody lines were performed simultaneously (a popular example of this is the ), was an important part of many Baroque choral and instrumental works.

The word ' comes from the Portuguese word barroco, meaning. The use of the word with negative connotations first occurred in 1734, in a criticism of an opera by Jean-Philippe Rameau, and later (1750) in a description by of the ornate and heavily ornamented architecture of the in Rome. Although the term continued to be applied to architecture and art criticism through the 19th century, it was not until the 20th century that the term 'baroque' was adopted from 's art-history vocabulary as a designator for a historical period in music. In 1640 The was a group of humanists, musicians, poets and intellectuals in late Renaissance Florence who gathered under the patronage of Count to discuss and guide trends in the arts, especially music and.

In reference to music, they based their ideals on a perception of Classical (especially ) musical drama that valued discourse and oration. As such, they rejected their contemporaries' use of (multiple, independent melodic lines) and instrumental music, and discussed such ancient Greek music devices as, which consisted of a solo singing accompanied by a (an ancient strummed string instrument).

The early realizations of these ideas, including 's and, marked the beginning of opera, which were a catalyst for Baroque music. Concerning music theory, the more widespread use of (also known as thorough bass) represents the developing importance of as the linear underpinnings of polyphony. Harmony is the end result of, and figured bass is a visual representation of those harmonies commonly employed in musical performance. With figured bass, numbers, accidentals or symbols were placed above the that was read by players such as players or (or ).

The numbers, accidentals or symbols indicated to the keyboard player what intervals she should play above each bass note. The keyboard player would a for each bass note. Composers began concerning themselves with, and also employed the, perceived as an unstable interval, to create dissonance (it was used in the chord and the. An interest in harmony had also existed among certain composers in the Renaissance, notably; However, the use of harmony directed towards tonality (a focus on a musical that becomes the 'home note' of a piece), rather than, marks the shift from the Renaissance into the Baroque period. This led to the idea that certain sequences of chords, rather than just notes, could provide a sense of —one of the fundamental ideas that became known as.

By incorporating these new aspects of composition, furthered the transition from the Renaissance style of music to that of the Baroque period. He developed two individual styles of composition—the heritage of Renaissance polyphony and the new technique of the Baroque. With basso continuo, a small group of musicians would play the and the chords which formed the accompaniment for a. The basso continuo group would typically use one or more keyboard players and a player who would play the bassline and improvise the chords and several bass instruments (e.g., ) which would play the bassline.

With the writing of the operas and among others, Monteverdi brought considerable attention to this new genre. Middle baroque music (1630–1680) The rise of the centralized court is one of the economic and political features of what is often labelled the, personified by of France.

John Wag

The style of palace, and the court system of manners and arts he fostered became the model for the rest of Europe. The realities of rising church and state patronage created the demand for organized public music, as the increasing availability of instruments created the demand for, which is music for a small ensemble of instrumentalists.

This section needs expansion. You can help. (July 2014) The work of, and their contemporaries, including Domenico Scarlatti, Antonio Vivaldi, Jean-Philippe Rameau, Georg Philipp Telemann, and others advanced the Baroque era to its climax. Through the work of, the Renaissance style of polyphony was made the basis for the study of composition for future musical eras.

The composers of the late baroque had established their feats of composition long before the works of Johann Fux. A continuous worker, Handel borrowed from other composers and often 'recycled' his own material.

He was also known for reworking pieces such as the famous, which premiered in 1742, for available singers and musicians.

. Baroque music (: or: ) is a style of Western composed from approximately 1600 to 1750. This era followed the, and was followed in turn by the.

Baroque music forms a major portion of the ', being nowadays widely studied, performed, and listened to. Key composers of the Baroque era include, and. The Baroque period saw the creation of, an approach to writing music in which a song or piece is written in a particular (tonality continues to be used in almost all Western ).

During the Baroque era, professional musicians were expected to be accomplished of both solo melodic lines and parts. Baroque concerts were typically accompanied by a group which consisted of chord-playing instrumentalists such as and players improvising chords from a part while a group of bass instruments (, ) played the. A characteristic Baroque form was the. While the pieces in a dance suite were inspired by actual dance music, dance suites were designed for listening, not for accompanying dancers. During the period, composers and performers used more elaborate (typically improvised by performers), made changes in musical notation (the development of figured bass as a quick way to notate the of a song or piece), and developed new instrumental playing techniques. Baroque music expanded the size, range, and complexity of instrumental performance, and also established the mixed vocal/instrumental forms of, and and the instrumental forms of the solo and as musical genres.

Notes

Many musical terms and concepts from this era, such as, and are still in use in the 2010s. Dense, complex music, in which multiple independent melody lines were performed simultaneously (a popular example of this is the ), was an important part of many Baroque choral and instrumental works. The word ' comes from the Portuguese word barroco, meaning. The use of the word with negative connotations first occurred in 1734, in a criticism of an opera by Jean-Philippe Rameau, and later (1750) in a description by of the ornate and heavily ornamented architecture of the in Rome. Although the term continued to be applied to architecture and art criticism through the 19th century, it was not until the 20th century that the term 'baroque' was adopted from 's art-history vocabulary as a designator for a historical period in music. In 1640 The was a group of humanists, musicians, poets and intellectuals in late Renaissance Florence who gathered under the patronage of Count to discuss and guide trends in the arts, especially music and.

In reference to music, they based their ideals on a perception of Classical (especially ) musical drama that valued discourse and oration. As such, they rejected their contemporaries' use of (multiple, independent melodic lines) and instrumental music, and discussed such ancient Greek music devices as, which consisted of a solo singing accompanied by a (an ancient strummed string instrument). The early realizations of these ideas, including 's and, marked the beginning of opera, which were a catalyst for Baroque music. Concerning music theory, the more widespread use of (also known as thorough bass) represents the developing importance of as the linear underpinnings of polyphony.

Harmony is the end result of, and figured bass is a visual representation of those harmonies commonly employed in musical performance. With figured bass, numbers, accidentals or symbols were placed above the that was read by players such as players or (or ). The numbers, accidentals or symbols indicated to the keyboard player what intervals she should play above each bass note. The keyboard player would a for each bass note. Composers began concerning themselves with, and also employed the, perceived as an unstable interval, to create dissonance (it was used in the chord and the. An interest in harmony had also existed among certain composers in the Renaissance, notably; However, the use of harmony directed towards tonality (a focus on a musical that becomes the 'home note' of a piece), rather than, marks the shift from the Renaissance into the Baroque period. This led to the idea that certain sequences of chords, rather than just notes, could provide a sense of —one of the fundamental ideas that became known as.

By incorporating these new aspects of composition, furthered the transition from the Renaissance style of music to that of the Baroque period. He developed two individual styles of composition—the heritage of Renaissance polyphony and the new technique of the Baroque. With basso continuo, a small group of musicians would play the and the chords which formed the accompaniment for a. The basso continuo group would typically use one or more keyboard players and a player who would play the bassline and improvise the chords and several bass instruments (e.g., ) which would play the bassline. With the writing of the operas and among others, Monteverdi brought considerable attention to this new genre.

Middle baroque music (1630–1680) The rise of the centralized court is one of the economic and political features of what is often labelled the, personified by of France. The style of palace, and the court system of manners and arts he fostered became the model for the rest of Europe.

The realities of rising church and state patronage created the demand for organized public music, as the increasing availability of instruments created the demand for, which is music for a small ensemble of instrumentalists. This section needs expansion. You can help. (July 2014) The work of, and their contemporaries, including Domenico Scarlatti, Antonio Vivaldi, Jean-Philippe Rameau, Georg Philipp Telemann, and others advanced the Baroque era to its climax.

Through the work of, the Renaissance style of polyphony was made the basis for the study of composition for future musical eras. The composers of the late baroque had established their feats of composition long before the works of Johann Fux. A continuous worker, Handel borrowed from other composers and often 'recycled' his own material. He was also known for reworking pieces such as the famous, which premiered in 1742, for available singers and musicians.